Which of the following combinations is required for chemiosmosis?
Proton pump, electron gradient, NADP synthase
Membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase
Membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, NADP synthase
Proton pump, electron gradient, ATP synthase
chemiosmosis requires a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient, and ATP synthase. Energy is used to pump protons across a membrane to create a gradient, and the breakdown of this gradient provides energy for ATP synthase to synthesise ATP [Sources 110, 111].
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