Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents:
Directional, as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction
Disruptive, as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output
Stabilizing followed by disruptive, as it stabilizes the population to produce higher-yielding cows
Stabilizing selection, as it stabilizes this character in the population
natural selection can lead to directional change when more individuals acquire a value other than the mean character value . In artificial selection for higher milk output, humans select individuals at one extreme (high yield) rather than the average. This pushes the mean of the character in one direction, representing directional selection.
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