This question tests the clinical associations of endocrine system disorders detailed in the Class 11 Biology curriculum . Insulin deficiency or resistance results in diabetes mellitus, a complex disorder associated with glucose loss through urine . Thyroxine (T4) deficiency, often due to lack of iodine, results in the enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goitre . Underproduction of hormones by the adrenal cortex, generally referred to as corticoids, alters carbohydrate metabolism and causes Addison’s disease . Severe disfigurement caused by excess growth hormone secretion in adults is termed acromegaly . Mastering these NCERT-based details is essential for NEET success, as approximately 95% of Biology questions are derived from these primary textbooks .