Water is essential for Bryophyta:
For fertilization and homosporous nature
Water should be filled in the archegonium for fertilization
Water is necessary for the movement of sperm
For the dissemination of spores
According to the textbook, Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. The male sex organs (antheridia) produce flagellated antherozoids (sperms) which are released into water. Water is essential for these male gametes to swim and come in contact with the archegonium to achieve fertilisation [Sources 35, 36].
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