every chromosome possesses a primary constriction known as the centromere, on the sides of which small disc-shaped structures called kinetochores are present . These kinetochores serve as the specific sites of attachment for spindle fibres (microtubules) to the chromosomes during cell division . During metaphase, chromosomes are aligned at the equator (metaphase plate) specifically through the connection between their kinetochores and spindle fibres from opposite poles . Understanding these precise structural components is a high-priority strategy for medical aspirants, as NCERT textbooks provide the foundation for approximately 95% of NEET Biology questions .