Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as:
Genetic drift
Random mating
Genetic load
Genetic flow
while factors like gene migration (gene flow) involve the movement of populations, if the change in allele frequency occurs simply by chance, it is called genetic drift. Sometimes, this change is so drastic in a new sample of a population that they become a different species (founder effect).
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