Artificial Insemination (AI) is an assisted reproductive technology used when the male partner is unable to inseminate the female or has very low sperm counts. In this technique, semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI – intra-uterine insemination) of the female . Options involving transfer to a test-tube refer to In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) .