Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:
Convergent evolution
Industrial melanism
Natural selection
Adaptive radiation
the flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are analogous structures. They look alike and perform the same function (swimming) but have different anatomical structures. The text explicitly states: "Hence, analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity" .
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