Given below are four statements (A-D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
Statements: (A) Wings of butterflies and birds look alike and are the results of (i), evolution. (B) Miller showed that CH4, H2, NH3, and (i), when exposed to electric discharge in a flask resulted in the formation of (ii). (C) Vermiform appendix is a (i) organ and an (ii)____ evidence of evolution. (D) According to Darwin evolution took place due to (i)____ and (ii)____ of the fittest.
(A) - (i) convergent, (B) - (ii) oxygen, (ii) nucleosides
(B) - (i) water vapour, (ii) amino acids, (C) - (i) rudimentary (ii) anatomical
(C) - (i) vestigial, (ii) anatomical, (D) - (i) mutations, (ii) multiplication
(D) - (i) small variations, (ii) survival, (A) - (i) convergent
Statement (A) refers to convergent evolution, as the wings of butterflies and birds are analogous structures (similar function, different origin) . Statement (B) refers to Miller's experiment which used water vapour and observed the formation of amino acids . Statement (C) refers to the vermiform appendix, which is a vestigial organ (anatomical evidence). Statement (D) refers to Darwin's theory, which emphasized small variations (heritable) and survival of the fittest (natural selection), contrasting with de Vries' mutation theory , . Option 4 correctly fills the blanks for statements D and A.
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