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Consider the following reaction: 43Al(s)+O2(g)23Al2O3(s) ; ΔG=827 kJ mol1\frac{4}{3}Al(s) + O_2(g) \rightarrow \frac{2}{3}Al_2O_3(s) \ ; \ \Delta G = -827 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1} The minimum e.m.f. required to carry out the electrolysis of Al2O3Al_2O_3 is: (Given F=96500 C mol1F = 96500 \text{ C mol}^{-1})

A

2.14 V

B

4.28 V

C

6.42 V

D

8.56 V

Step-by-Step Solution

For the electrolysis of Al2O3Al_2O_3, the reaction is the reverse of the given formation reaction: 23Al2O3(s)43Al(s)+O2(g)\frac{2}{3}Al_2O_3(s) \rightarrow \frac{4}{3}Al(s) + O_2(g) Therefore, the Gibbs free energy change for the electrolysis is ΔG=+827 kJ mol1=827000 J mol1\Delta G = +827 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1} = 827000 \text{ J mol}^{-1}.

The number of electrons involved (nn) in this reaction can be calculated from either the reduction of Al or oxidation of O: Number of moles of Al formed = 43\frac{4}{3} moles. Since Al3++3eAlAl^{3+} + 3e^- \rightarrow Al, the total moles of electrons (nn) = 43×3=4\frac{4}{3} \times 3 = 4 moles of electrons.

Using the relation between Gibbs free energy and cell potential: ΔG=nFE\Delta G = nFE 827000=4×96500×E827000 = 4 \times 96500 \times E 827000=386000×E827000 = 386000 \times E E=827000386000=2.142 V2.14 VE = \frac{827000}{386000} = 2.142 \text{ V} \approx 2.14 \text{ V}

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