To determine the correct order of ionic radii, we analyze the species given:
- Isoelectronic Species: The ions N3− (Z=7), Mg2+ (Z=12), and Al3+ (Z=13) are isoelectronic, meaning they all possess the same number of electrons (10 electrons).
- Trend: For isoelectronic species, the ionic radius decreases as the nuclear charge (atomic number, Z) increases. This is because a higher nuclear charge exerts a stronger attraction on the same number of electrons, pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus.
- Comparison:
N3−: Z=7 (Smallest nuclear charge → Largest radius) Mg2+: Z=12
- Al3+: Z=13 (Largest nuclear charge → Smallest radius)
- Conclusion: The correct order is N3−>Mg2+>Al3+.
(Note: Option 1 is incorrect because the radius of a hydride ion H− is larger than the hydrogen atom H, which is larger than a proton H+. Options 2 and 3 are incorrect because for the isoelectronic series O2−,F−,Na+, the order should be O2−>F−>Na+).