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NEET CHEMISTRYMedium

The correct increasing order of trans-effect of the following species is:

A

NH₃ > CN⁻ > Br⁻ > C₆H₅⁻

B

CN⁻ > C₆H₅⁻ > Br⁻ > NH₃

C

Br⁻ > CN⁻ > NH₃ > C₆H₅⁻

D

CN⁻ > Br⁻ > C₆H₅⁻ > NH₃

Step-by-Step Solution

The trans-effect is the ability of a coordinated ligand to direct the substitution of the ligand occupying the position trans (opposite) to itself. The intensity of the trans-effect follows an empirical series.

  1. General Order: Strong π\pi-acceptors > Strong σ\sigma-donors > Weak π\pi-donors/Weak σ\sigma-donors.
  2. Specific Ligands:
  • CNCN^- (Cyanide): A very strong trans-directing ligand due to strong σ\sigma-bonding and π\pi-backbonding capabilities. It is at the high end of the series.
  • C6H5C_6H_5^- (Phenyl): A strong σ\sigma-donor ligand, typically placed higher than halides but lower than cyanide.
  • BrBr^- (Bromide): A halide, acts as a weak to moderate trans-director. Its effect is less than that of CNCN^- or C6H5C_6H_5^- but greater than neutral amines.
  • NH3NH_3 (Ammonia): A neutral ligand with no π\pi-bonding capability, acting as a relatively weak trans-director.
  1. Conclusion: The decreasing order of trans-effect is: CN>C6H5>Br>NH3CN^- > C_6H_5^- > Br^- > NH_3. (Note: Although the question asks for 'increasing' order, the options use the '>' symbol, indicating a decreasing sequence from left to right, which matches the standard series).
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