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NEET CHEMISTRYMedium

A reaction among the following can generate isonitriles as a major product. (A) R-X+HCN\text{R-X} + \text{HCN} \rightarrow (B) R-X+AgCN\text{R-X} + \text{AgCN} \rightarrow (C) R-X+KCN\text{R-X} + \text{KCN} \rightarrow (D) R-X+NaCNC2H5OH/H2O\text{R-X} + \text{NaCN} \xrightarrow{\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}/\text{H}_2\text{O}} Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A

(D) only

B

(C) and (D) only

C

(B) only

D

(A) and (B) only

Step-by-Step Solution

Haloalkanes (R-X\text{R-X}) react with AgCN\text{AgCN} to form alkyl isocyanides (isonitriles) as the main product. AgCN\text{AgCN} is mainly covalent in nature, and only the nitrogen atom is free to donate an electron pair, thus forming an isocyanide. On the other hand, KCN\text{KCN} and NaCN\text{NaCN} are predominantly ionic and provide cyanide ions in solution. Since the carbon-carbon (C-C\text{C-C}) bond is more stable than the carbon-nitrogen (C-N\text{C-N}) bond, the attack takes place mainly through the carbon atom, leading to the formation of alkyl cyanides (nitriles) . Therefore, only reaction (B) generates isonitriles.

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