The colour of transition metal ions is typically due to the presence of unpaired d-electrons, which undergo d−d transitions by absorbing light from the visible region. Let us examine the electronic configuration of each ion:
- Cr (Z=24): [Ar]3d54s1⇒Cr4+: [Ar]3d2 (2 unpaired electrons, so it is coloured)
- Sc (Z=21): [Ar]3d14s2⇒Sc3+: [Ar]3d0 (0 unpaired electrons, no d−d transition possible, so it is colourless)
- Ti (Z=22): [Ar]3d24s2⇒Ti3+: [Ar]3d1 (1 unpaired electron, so it is coloured)
- V (Z=23): [Ar]3d34s2⇒V3+: [Ar]3d2 (2 unpaired electrons, so it is coloured)
Thus, Sc3+ is the colourless ion among the given options.