Which one of the following is incorrect for an ideal solution?
A
ΔHmix=0
B
ΔUmix=0
C
ΔP=Pobs−Pcalculated by Raoult’s law=0
D
ΔGmix=0
Step-by-Step Solution
For an ideal solution:
It obeys Raoult's law exactly over the entire range of concentration, so the observed pressure is equal to the calculated pressure, which means ΔP=0.
The enthalpy of mixing is zero, ΔHmix=0.
The volume of mixing is zero, ΔVmix=0.
Since ΔH=ΔU+PΔV and both ΔHmix and ΔVmix are zero, the internal energy of mixing is also zero, ΔUmix=0.
However, mixing of miscible liquids is a spontaneous process. For any spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure, the change in Gibbs free energy must be negative. Therefore, ΔGmix<0. The statement ΔGmix=0 is incorrect.
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