The relationship between Kp and Kc is given by Kp=Kc(RT)Δn, where Δn is the difference between the number of moles of gaseous products and gaseous reactants (Δn=np−nr). For Kp to be equal to Kc, Δn must be zero.
Let's calculate Δn for the given reactions:
- 2NO(g)⇌N2(g)+O2(g); Δn=(1+1)−2=0
- SO2(g)+NO2(g)⇌SO3(g)+NO(g); Δn=(1+1)−(1+1)=0
- H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g); Δn=2−(1+1)=0
- 2C(s)+O2(g)⇌2CO2(g); Δn=2−1=1 (Carbon is in the solid state, so it is not considered in calculating Δn).
Since Δn=0 for reaction 4, its Kp and Kc values are not equal.