Arrange the elements Li, Be, B, C, and N in increasing order of their first ionization enthalpies:
Li < B < Be < C < N
Li < Be < C < B < N
Li < Be < N < B < C
Li < Be < B < C < N
Generally, ionization enthalpy increases across a period from left to right due to increasing effective nuclear charge. However, there is an anomaly between Group 2 (Be) and Group 13 (B). Beryllium has a stable, completely filled valence shell configuration (), and the 2s electrons are more penetrating towards the nucleus. Boron () has a single 2p electron which is shielded by the inner 2s electrons, making it easier to remove. Therefore, the ionization enthalpy of Boron is lower than that of Beryllium (). The general trend holds for the rest, placing Lithium first (alkali metal) and Carbon and Nitrogen following the increase in nuclear charge. Nitrogen has higher stability due to a half-filled p-subshell, further increasing its value. The correct order is .
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