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NEET CHEMISTRYHard

Standard free energies of formation (in kJ/mol\text{kJ/mol}) at 298 K298 \text{ K} are 237.2-237.2, 394.4-394.4 and 8.2-8.2 for H2O(l)\text{H}_2\text{O}(l), CO2(g)\text{CO}_2(g) and pentane (g), respectively. The value of EcellE^\circ_{\text{cell}} for the pentane-oxygen fuel cell is

A

1.968 V1.968 \text{ V}

B

2.0968 V2.0968 \text{ V}

C

1.0968 V1.0968 \text{ V}

D

0.0968 V0.0968 \text{ V}

Step-by-Step Solution

The combustion reaction for the pentane-oxygen fuel cell is: C5H12(g)+8O2(g)5CO2(g)+6H2O(l)\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}(g) + 8\text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 5\text{CO}_2(g) + 6\text{H}_2\text{O}(l)

First, we calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔGreaction\Delta G^\circ_{\text{reaction}}) for the reaction: ΔGreaction=ΔGf(products)ΔGf(reactants)\Delta G^\circ_{\text{reaction}} = \sum \Delta G^\circ_f(\text{products}) - \sum \Delta G^\circ_f(\text{reactants}) ΔGreaction=[5×ΔGf(CO2)+6×ΔGf(H2O)][ΔGf(C5H12)+8×ΔGf(O2)]\Delta G^\circ_{\text{reaction}} = [5 \times \Delta G^\circ_f(\text{CO}_2) + 6 \times \Delta G^\circ_f(\text{H}_2\text{O})] - [\Delta G^\circ_f(\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}) + 8 \times \Delta G^\circ_f(\text{O}_2)] ΔGreaction=[5×(394.4)+6×(237.2)][8.2+8×0]\Delta G^\circ_{\text{reaction}} = [5 \times (-394.4) + 6 \times (-237.2)] - [-8.2 + 8 \times 0] ΔGreaction=[1972.01423.2][8.2]\Delta G^\circ_{\text{reaction}} = [-1972.0 - 1423.2] - [-8.2] ΔGreaction=3395.2+8.2=3387.0 kJ mol1=3387000 J mol1\Delta G^\circ_{\text{reaction}} = -3395.2 + 8.2 = -3387.0 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1} = -3387000 \text{ J mol}^{-1}

Next, we determine the number of electrons transferred (nn) in the balanced redox reaction. The oxidation state of Carbon in C5H12\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12} is 12/5=2.4-12/5 = -2.4. The oxidation state of Carbon in CO2\text{CO}_2 is +4+4. Change in oxidation state for one C atom = +4(2.4)=+6.4+4 - (-2.4) = +6.4 Total change for 5 C atoms = 5×6.4=325 \times 6.4 = 32 electrons. Thus, n=32n = 32.

Now, we use the relationship between ΔG\Delta G^\circ and EcellE^\circ_{\text{cell}}: ΔG=nFEcell\Delta G^\circ = -nFE^\circ_{\text{cell}} Ecell=ΔGnFE^\circ_{\text{cell}} = -\frac{\Delta G^\circ}{nF} Ecell=3387000 J mol132×96500 C mol1E^\circ_{\text{cell}} = -\frac{-3387000 \text{ J mol}^{-1}}{32 \times 96500 \text{ C mol}^{-1}} Ecell=338700030880001.0968 VE^\circ_{\text{cell}} = \frac{3387000}{3088000} \approx 1.0968 \text{ V}

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