The pH of a salt solution depends on the relative strengths of the acid and base from which it is formed:
- NaNO3 is a salt of a strong acid (HNO3) and a strong base (NaOH). Its aqueous solution does not undergo hydrolysis and remains neutral with pH=7 .
- NH4Cl is a salt of a strong acid (HCl) and a weak base (NH4OH). It undergoes cationic hydrolysis to form an acidic solution with pH<7 .
- CH3COOK and Na2CO3 are salts of weak acids (CH3COOH and H2CO3, respectively) and strong bases (KOH and NaOH). Both undergo anionic hydrolysis to form basic solutions with pH>7 .
However, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weaker acid than acetic acid (CH3COOH). Because it is formed from a weaker acid, the carbonate ion (CO32−) is a stronger conjugate base than the acetate ion (CH3COO−). Therefore, CO32− undergoes hydrolysis to a greater extent, producing a higher concentration of OH− ions. As a result, the aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is more basic and has the highest pH among the given options.