Ionic mobility in an aqueous solution depends on the size of the hydrated ion, not the gaseous ion radius.
- Hydration Concept: Smaller gaseous ions have a higher charge density and attract more water molecules, resulting in a larger hydrated radius. Conversely, larger gaseous ions have a smaller hydrated radius.
- Trends:
- Gaseous Radii: Na+<K+<Rb+<Cs+
- Hydrated Radii: Na(aq)+>K(aq)+>Rb(aq)+>Cs(aq)+
- Mobility: Mobility is inversely proportional to the size of the moving species (the hydrated ion). Therefore, the smallest hydrated ion (Cs+) moves the fastest, and the largest hydrated ion (Na+) moves the slowest.
- Conclusion: The order of ionic mobility is Cs+>Rb+>K+>Na+. This is supported by conductivity data where λ0 for K+ (73.5) is greater than Na+ (50.1) .