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The largest freezing point depression among the following 0.10 m solutions is shown by:

A

KCl

B

C₆H₁₂O₆

C

Al₂(SO₄)₃

D

K₂SO₄

Step-by-Step Solution

The depression in freezing point (ΔTf\Delta T_f) is a colligative property proportional to the number of solute particles in the solution. It is calculated using the formula ΔTf=i×Kf×m\Delta T_f = i \times K_f \times m. Since the molality (m=0.10 mm = 0.10 \text{ m}) and the solvent (KfK_f) are the same for all options, the solution with the highest Van't Hoff factor (ii) will show the largest freezing point depression.

  1. KCl: Strong electrolyte, dissociates as K++ClK^+ + Cl^-. i=2i = 2.
  2. C₆H₁₂O₆ (Glucose): Non-electrolyte, does not dissociate. i=1i = 1.
  3. Al₂(SO₄)₃: Strong electrolyte, dissociates as 2Al3++3SO422Al^{3+} + 3SO_4^{2-}. Total ions = 5, so i=5i = 5.
  4. K₂SO₄: Strong electrolyte, dissociates as 2K++SO422K^+ + SO_4^{2-}. Total ions = 3, so i=3i = 3.

Since Al2(SO4)3Al_2(SO_4)_3 produces the maximum number of particles (i=5i=5), it exhibits the largest freezing point depression .

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