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NEET CHEMISTRYEasy

The correct option for free expansion of an ideal gas under adiabatic condition is:

A

q=0q=0, ΔT<0\Delta T < 0 and w>0w>0

B

q<0q < 0, ΔT=0\Delta T=0 and w=0w=0

C

q>0q>0, ΔT>0\Delta T>0 and w>0w>0

D

q=0q=0, ΔT=0\Delta T=0 and w=0w=0

Step-by-Step Solution

For free expansion of an ideal gas, the external pressure is zero (pext=0p_{ext} = 0). Therefore, the work done is zero (w=pextΔV=0w = -p_{ext}\Delta V = 0). Under adiabatic conditions, there is no heat exchange between the system and the surroundings, so q=0q = 0. According to the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU=q+w=0+0=0\Delta U = q + w = 0 + 0 = 0. For an ideal gas, internal energy depends only on temperature. Since ΔU=0\Delta U = 0, the change in temperature is also zero (ΔT=0\Delta T = 0). Thus, the correct conditions are q=0q=0, ΔT=0\Delta T=0, and w=0w=0.

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