The d-electron configurations of Cr²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Ni²⁺ are 3d⁴, 3d⁵, 3d⁶ and 3d⁸ respectively. Which one of the following aqua complexes will exhibit the minimum paramagnetic behaviour? (At. No. Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Ni = 28)
[Mn(H₂O)₆]²⁺
[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺
[Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺
[Cr(H₂O)₆]²⁺
Paramagnetic behaviour is directly proportional to the number of unpaired electrons (). The magnetic moment is given by BM. Water () is a weak field ligand , so these complexes are 'high spin', meaning electrons will occupy higher energy orbitals before pairing up (following Hund's rule).
Since has the minimum number of unpaired electrons (2), it exhibits the minimum paramagnetic behaviour.
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