To find the shape of the given species, we can determine the steric number (number of σ bonds + number of lone pairs on the central atom) according to VSEPR theory:
- NO3− (Nitrate ion): The central nitrogen atom forms 3 σ bonds with three oxygen atoms and has 0 lone pairs. The steric number is 3, which corresponds to sp2 hybridisation and a trigonal planar (or triangular planar) geometry.
- N3− (Azide ion): The central nitrogen atom forms 2 σ bonds with the terminal nitrogen atoms and has 0 lone pairs. The steric number is 2, which gives it a linear shape.
- NO2− (Nitrite ion): The central nitrogen atom forms 2 σ bonds and possesses 1 lone pair. The steric number is 3, but due to the presence of a lone pair, its shape is bent or V-shaped.
- CO2 (Carbon dioxide): The central carbon atom forms 2 σ bonds (double bonds) with oxygen atoms and has 0 lone pairs. The steric number is 2, giving it a linear shape.
Therefore, NO3− is the species with a triangular planar shape.