The electric field intensity $\mathbf{E}$ is rigorously defined as the limit of the force per unit charge as the test charge magnitude approaches zero: $\mathbf{E} = \lim_{q_0 \to 0} \frac{\mathbf{F}}{q_0}$ . This condition ensures that the test charge $q_0$ does not disturb the source charge distribution. In this scenario, placing a finite positive test charge $q_0$ near a positively charged ball creates a repulsive force. This repulsion causes the mobile charges on the conducting ball to redistribute to the far side (induction) or physically pushes the hanging ball away from the test charge . Both effects increase the effective distance between the charges, resulting in a measured force $F$ that is smaller than the force that would exist if the source remained undisturbed. Consequently, the measured ratio $F/q_0$ underestimates the true electric field strength. Therefore, $E > F/q_0$.