For a uniformly charged spherical conductor, the electric field for points outside the sphere ($r \ge R$) acts as if the entire charge is concentrated at the center. Just outside the sphere, the distance $r$ is equal to the radius $R$.

Formula: $E = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q}{R^2}$

Given: Charge $q = 1.6 \times 10^{-7} \text{ C}$ Radius $R = 12 \text{ cm} = 0.12 \text{ m}$ Constant $k = 9 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2\text{C}^{-2}$

Calculation: $E = \frac{9 \times 10^9 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-7}}{(0.12)^2}$ $E = \frac{14.4 \times 10^2}{0.0144}$ $E = 10^5 \text{ NC}^{-1}$