Kepler's third law states that the square of the period of revolution (T) of a planet around the sun, is proportional to the third power of the average distance r between the sun and planet i.e. , here K is constant. If the masses of the sun and planet are M and m respectively, then as per Newton's law of gravitation, the force of attraction between them is , here G is gravitational constant. The relation between G and K is described as:
GK = 4\pi ^2
GMK = 4\pi ^2
K = G
K = 1/G
The gravitational force provides the necessary centripetal force for the planet's circular motion around the Sun: . Solving for orbital velocity , we get . The time period of revolution is given by . Substituting : . Squaring both sides: . Comparing this with the given Kepler's law equation , we can see that the constant is: . Rearranging the terms, we get: .
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