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NEET PHYSICSEasy

Kepler's third law states that the square of the period of revolution (T) of a planet around the sun, is proportional to the third power of the average distance r between the sun and planet i.e. T2=Kr3T^2 = Kr^3, here K is constant. If the masses of the sun and planet are M and m respectively, then as per Newton's law of gravitation, the force of attraction between them is F=GMm/r2F = GMm/r^2, here G is gravitational constant. The relation between G and K is described as:

A

GK = 4\pi ^2

B

GMK = 4\pi ^2

C

K = G

D

K = 1/G

Step-by-Step Solution

The gravitational force provides the necessary centripetal force for the planet's circular motion around the Sun: Fg=FcGMmr2=mv2rF_g = F_c \Rightarrow \frac{GMm}{r^2} = \frac{mv^2}{r}. Solving for orbital velocity vv, we get v=GMrv = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}. The time period of revolution TT is given by T=2πrvT = \frac{2\pi r}{v}. Substituting vv: T=2πrGM/r=2πr3GMT = \frac{2\pi r}{\sqrt{GM/r}} = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{r^3}{GM}}. Squaring both sides: T2=(4π2GM)r3T^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi^2}{GM}\right) r^3. Comparing this with the given Kepler's law equation T2=Kr3T^2 = Kr^3, we can see that the constant KK is: K=4π2GMK = \frac{4\pi^2}{GM}. Rearranging the terms, we get: GMK=4π2GMK = 4\pi^2.

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