The two ends of a metal rod are maintained at temperatures and . The rate of heat flow in the rod is found to be . If the ends are maintained at temperatures and , the rate of heat flow will be:
The rate of heat flow through a rod by conduction is given by , where is the thermal conductivity, is the cross-sectional area, is the length, and is the temperature difference between the ends. In the first case, . The rate of heat flow is . In the second case, . Since the temperature difference is the same in both cases and the dimensions and material of the rod remain unchanged, the rate of heat flow will be the same (assuming the thermal conductivity is essentially constant over this temperature range). Therefore, .
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