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NEET PHYSICSEasy

The following figures show the arrangement of bar magnets in different configurations. Each magnet has a magnetic dipole moment. Which configuration has the highest net magnetic dipole moment?

A

Option 1

B

Option 2

C

Option 3

D

Option 4

Step-by-Step Solution

  1. Vector Nature: Magnetic dipole moment (M\mathbf{M}) is a vector quantity directed from the South pole to the North pole of the magnet .

  2. Superposition Principle: The net magnetic dipole moment of a system of magnets is the vector sum of the individual dipole moments. For two magnets of equal magnetic moment MM inclined at an angle θ\theta, the resultant moment MnetM_{net} is given by the parallelogram law of vector addition: Mnet=M2+M2+2M2cosθ=2M2(1+cosθ)M_{net} = \sqrt{M^2 + M^2 + 2M^2 \cos \theta} = \sqrt{2M^2(1 + \cos \theta)} Mnet=2Mcos(θ/2)M_{net} = 2M \cos(\theta/2)

  3. Maximization: The value of MnetM_{net} depends on cos(θ/2)\cos(\theta/2). The cosine function decreases as the angle increases from 00^\circ to 180180^\circ. Therefore, the resultant magnetic moment is highest when the angle θ\theta between the magnetic moments is the smallest.

  4. Conclusion: Without seeing the figures, standard physics principles dictate that the configuration with the most acute angle (closest to parallel alignment, θ0\theta \to 0^\circ) will yield the maximum net dipole moment. Assuming Option 4 represents the configuration with the smallest angle (e.g., 3030^\circ or parallel), it is the correct choice.

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