To determine the rate at which kinetic energy is imparted, we must find the Power (P) delivered by the engine. Power is defined as the rate of change of energy over time (P=dtdE) .
- Kinetic Energy (KE): The kinetic energy of a mass M moving with velocity v is given by KE=21Mv2 .
- Rate of Kinetic Energy: For a continuous jet where velocity v is constant, the rate of change of kinetic energy is P=dtd(KE)=21v2dtdM.
- Mass Flow Rate (dtdM): We are given the mass per unit length m=dldM. In a small interval of time dt, the length of the water column leaving the hose is dl=vdt. Therefore, the mass flow rate is:
dtdM=dldM⋅dtdl=m⋅v
- Final Calculation: Substituting the mass flow rate back into the power equation:
P=21v2(mv)=21mv3
Thus, the rate at which kinetic energy is imparted to the water is 21mv3.