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NEET PHYSICSEasy

Two point charges qA=3μCq_A = 3 \, \mu\text{C} and qB=3μCq_B = -3 \, \mu\text{C} are located 20cm20 \, \text{cm} apart in a vacuum. The electric field at the midpoint OO of the line ABAB joining the two charges is:

A

4.5×106N/C4.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C} along OAOA

B

5.4×106N/C5.4 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C} along OAOA

C

4.5×106N/C4.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C} along OBOB

D

5.4×106N/C5.4 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C} along OBOB

Step-by-Step Solution

The electric field EE due to a point charge is given by E=14πε0qr2E = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q}{r^2}. Given: qA=3×106Cq_A = 3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}, qB=3×106Cq_B = -3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}. Distance AB=20cm=0.2mAB = 20 \, \text{cm} = 0.2 \, \text{m}. The midpoint OO is at a distance r=10cm=0.1mr = 10 \, \text{cm} = 0.1 \, \text{m} from both charges.

  1. Field due to positive charge qAq_A at OO points away from AA (towards BB). Magnitude EA=(9×109)(3×106)(0.1)2=2.7×106N/CE_A = \frac{(9 \times 10^9)(3 \times 10^{-6})}{(0.1)^2} = 2.7 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C}.
  2. Field due to negative charge qBq_B at OO points towards BB. Magnitude EB=(9×109)(3×106)(0.1)2=2.7×106N/CE_B = \frac{(9 \times 10^9)(3 \times 10^{-6})}{(0.1)^2} = 2.7 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C}. Since both fields point in the same direction (along OBOB), the net electric field is the sum of their magnitudes: Enet=EA+EB=(2.7+2.7)×106=5.4×106N/CE_{net} = E_A + E_B = (2.7 + 2.7) \times 10^6 = 5.4 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C}, directed along OBOB.
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