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NEET PHYSICSMedium

Two equally charged, identical metal spheres A and B repel each other with a force FF. The spheres are kept fixed with a distance rr between them. A third identical, but uncharged sphere C is brought in contact with A, then brought in contact with B, and finally placed at the mid-point of the line joining A and B. The magnitude of the net electric force on C is:

A

F

B

3F/4

C

F/2

D

F/4

Step-by-Step Solution

Let the initial charge on spheres A and B be qq. The force F=14πϵ0q2r2F = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{q^2}{r^2}.

  1. Contact with A: When uncharged sphere C touches A, the charge qq distributes equally. Charge on A becomes qA=q/2q_A = q/2, and charge on C becomes qC=q/2q_C = q/2.
  2. Contact with B: Sphere C (now with charge q/2q/2) touches sphere B (charge qq). Total charge is q+q/2=3q/2q + q/2 = 3q/2. This splits equally, so qB=3q/4q_B = 3q/4 and qC=3q/4q_C = 3q/4.
  3. Placed at Midpoint: C is placed at distance r/2r/2 from both A and B. Force from A on C (FCAF_{CA}): Repulsive. FCA=14πϵ0(q/2)(3q/4)(r/2)2=14πϵ03q2/8r2/4=1.5FF_{CA} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{(q/2)(3q/4)}{(r/2)^2} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{3q^2/8}{r^2/4} = 1.5 F. Force from B on C (FCBF_{CB}): Repulsive. FCB=14πϵ0(3q/4)(3q/4)(r/2)2=14πϵ09q2/16r2/4=2.25FF_{CB} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{(3q/4)(3q/4)}{(r/2)^2} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{9q^2/16}{r^2/4} = 2.25 F.
  4. Net Force: Since forces are opposite, Fnet=FCBFCA=2.25F1.5F=0.75F=3F4F_{net} = F_{CB} - F_{CA} = 2.25F - 1.5F = 0.75F = \frac{3F}{4}.
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