The electric field E and electric potential V are related by the equation E=−drdV (in one dimension) or E=−∇V (gradient of potential) [NCERT Class 12, Physics Part I, Sec 2.6, Eq 2.20].
- Given: The electric potential V is 5 V (a constant value) throughout the volume.
- Concept: The electric field represents the rate of change of potential with respect to distance. Since the potential is constant, it does not change with position.
- Calculation: The derivative of a constant with respect to position is zero.
E=−drd(5)=0
Therefore, the electric field in a region of constant potential is always zero. This is analogous to the field inside a charged conductor where the potential is constant and the field is zero [NCERT Class 12, Physics Part I, Sec 2.9].