During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does of work against its surrounding. This implies that:
of heat has been added to the gas.
no heat is transferred because the process is isothermal.
of heat has been added to the gas.
of heat has been removed from the gas.
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, the relationship between heat (), internal energy (), and work () is given by (using the Physics sign convention where is work done by the gas).
Therefore, of heat has been removed from the gas.
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