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Planck's constant (hh), speed of light in vacuum (cc) and Newton's gravitational constant (GG) are three fundamental constants. Which of the following combinations of these has the dimensions of length?

A

hGc3/2\frac{\sqrt{hG}}{c^{3/2}}

B

hGc5/2\frac{\sqrt{hG}}{c^{5/2}}

C

hcG\sqrt{\frac{hc}{G}}

D

Gch3/2\frac{\sqrt{Gc}}{h^{3/2}}

Step-by-Step Solution

Let the physical quantity with dimension of length LL be related to hh, cc, and GG as: LhxcyGzL \propto h^x c^y G^z Substituting the dimensions of each quantity: Dimension of Planck's constant, h=[ML2T1]h = [M L^2 T^{-1}] Dimension of speed of light, c=[LT1]c = [L T^{-1}] Dimension of universal gravitational constant, G=[M1L3T2]G = [M^{-1} L^3 T^{-2}]

[L1]=[ML2T1]x[LT1]y[M1L3T2]z[L^1] = [M L^2 T^{-1}]^x [L T^{-1}]^y [M^{-1} L^3 T^{-2}]^z [M0L1T0]=[MxzL2x+y+3zTxy2z][M^0 L^1 T^0] = [M^{x-z} L^{2x+y+3z} T^{-x-y-2z}] Equating the powers of MM, LL, and TT on both sides, we get: For MM: xz=0    x=zx - z = 0 \implies x = z For TT: xy2z=0    zy2z=0    y=3z-x - y - 2z = 0 \implies -z - y - 2z = 0 \implies y = -3z For LL: 2x+y+3z=1    2z+(3z)+3z=1    2z=1    z=1/22x + y + 3z = 1 \implies 2z + (-3z) + 3z = 1 \implies 2z = 1 \implies z = 1/2

Since z=1/2z = 1/2, we have x=1/2x = 1/2 and y=3/2y = -3/2. Therefore, the combination having the dimensions of length is h1/2c3/2G1/2=hGc3/2h^{1/2} c^{-3/2} G^{1/2} = \frac{\sqrt{hG}}{c^{3/2}}.

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