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NEET PHYSICSMedium

For a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in the xx-direction, which one of the following combinations gives the correct possible directions for the electric field (E\mathbf{E}) and magnetic field (B\mathbf{B}) respectively?

A

j^+k^,j^k^\hat{j}+\hat{k}, -\hat{j}-\hat{k}

B

j^+k^,j^+k^-\hat{j}+\hat{k}, -\hat{j}+\hat{k}

C

j^+k^,j^+k^\hat{j}+\hat{k}, \hat{j}+\hat{k}

D

j^+k^,j^k^-\hat{j}+\hat{k}, -\hat{j}-\hat{k}

Step-by-Step Solution

In an electromagnetic wave, the electric field (E\mathbf{E}), magnetic field (B\mathbf{B}), and the direction of propagation (k\mathbf{k}) are mutually perpendicular. The direction of propagation is given by the direction of the cross product E×B\mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B}.

Given that the wave propagates in the xx-direction (i^\hat{i}), we must satisfy two conditions:

  1. Orthogonality: EB=0\mathbf{E} \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0 (Fields must be perpendicular).
  2. Direction: E×B\mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B} must be parallel to i^\hat{i}.

Testing Option D: Let E=j^+k^\mathbf{E} = -\hat{j} + \hat{k} and B=j^k^\mathbf{B} = -\hat{j} - \hat{k}.

  1. Dot Product: EB=(1)(1)+(1)(1)=11=0\mathbf{E} \cdot \mathbf{B} = (-1)(-1) + (1)(-1) = 1 - 1 = 0. The fields are perpendicular.

  2. Cross Product: E×B=i^j^k^011011\mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\0 & -1 & 1 \\0 & -1 & -1 \end{vmatrix} =i^((1)(1)(1)(1))j^(0)+k^(0)= \hat{i}((-1)(-1) - (1)(-1)) - \hat{j}(0) + \hat{k}(0) =i^(1+1)=2i^= \hat{i}(1 + 1) = 2\hat{i}. The result is along the +i^+\hat{i} direction (xx-direction).

Other options fail either the orthogonality check (dot product 0\neq 0) or the direction check.

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