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A very long conducting wire is bent in a semi-circular shape from AA to BB as shown in figure. The magnetic field at point PP for steady current configuration is given by

1

μ0i4R\frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} pointed into the page

2

μ0i4R\frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} pointed away from the page

3

μ0i4R[12π]\frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} [1 - \frac{2}{\pi}] pointed away from the page

4

μ0i4R[12π]\frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} [1 - \frac{2}{\pi}] pointed into the page

Step-by-Step Solution

The magnetic field at the center PP is the sum of the fields due to the two straight segments and the semi-circular arc. The field due to the two semi-infinite straight wires at PP is Bstraight=μ0i4πR+μ0i4πR=μ0i2πRB_{straight} = \frac{\mu_0 i}{4\pi R} + \frac{\mu_0 i}{4\pi R} = \frac{\mu_0 i}{2\pi R} (pointing into the page). The field due to the semi-circular arc is Barc=μ0i4RB_{arc} = \frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} (pointing out of the page). The net field is Bnet=μ0i4Rμ0i2πR=μ0i4R[12π]B_{net} = \frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} - \frac{\mu_0 i}{2\pi R} = \frac{\mu_0 i}{4R} [1 - \frac{2}{\pi}] pointing out of the page.

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