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NEET PHYSICSEasy

A body is rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface and its rotational kinetic energy is equal to the translational kinetic energy. The body is:

A

Disc

B

Sphere

C

Cylinder

D

Ring

Step-by-Step Solution

Let the mass of the body be MM and its radius be RR. The translational kinetic energy is given by Ktrans=12Mv2K_{trans} = \frac{1}{2}Mv^2. The rotational kinetic energy is given by Krot=12Iω2K_{rot} = \frac{1}{2}I\omega^2. For a body rolling without slipping, the velocity v=Rωv = R\omega, so ω=vR\omega = \frac{v}{R}. Substituting this into the rotational kinetic energy equation gives Krot=12I(vR)2K_{rot} = \frac{1}{2}I\left(\frac{v}{R}\right)^2. According to the question, the rotational kinetic energy is equal to the translational kinetic energy: Krot=KtransK_{rot} = K_{trans} 12Iv2R2=12Mv2\frac{1}{2}I\frac{v^2}{R^2} = \frac{1}{2}Mv^2 Solving for II, we get: I=MR2I = MR^2 This is the moment of inertia of a thin circular ring about its central axis perpendicular to its plane. Therefore, the body is a ring.

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