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A particle of mass 'mm' is projected with a velocity v=kvev = kv_e (k<1k < 1) from the surface of the earth. (vev_e = escape velocity). The maximum height above the surface reached by the particle is

A

R(k1k)2R\left(\frac{k}{1-k}\right)^2

B

R(k1+k)2R\left(\frac{k}{1+k}\right)^2

C

R2k1+k\frac{R^2k}{1+k}

D

Rk21k2\frac{Rk^2}{1-k^2}

Step-by-Step Solution

Given v=kvev = kv_e, where k<1k < 1. Thus v<vev < v_e. From conservation of mechanical energy, 12mv2GMmR=GMm(R+h)\frac{1}{2}mv^2 - \frac{GMm}{R} = -\frac{GMm}{(R+h)}. v22=GMRGM(R+h)=GMhR(R+h)\Rightarrow \frac{v^2}{2} = \frac{GM}{R} - \frac{GM}{(R+h)} = \frac{GMh}{R(R+h)}. Since ve2=2GMRv_e^2 = \frac{2GM}{R}, we have 12k2ve2=GMhR(R+h)12k2(2GMR)=GMhR(R+h)k2=hR+hk2(R+h)=hk2R=h(1k2)h=Rk21k2\frac{1}{2}k^2v_e^2 = \frac{GMh}{R(R+h)} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}k^2(\frac{2GM}{R}) = \frac{GMh}{R(R+h)} \Rightarrow k^2 = \frac{h}{R+h} \Rightarrow k^2(R+h) = h \Rightarrow k^2R = h(1-k^2) \Rightarrow h = \frac{Rk^2}{1-k^2}.

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