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A stone of mass 1 kg1 \text{ kg} tied to a light inextensible string of length L=103 mL = \frac{10}{3} \text{ m} is whirling in a circular path of radius LL in a vertical plane. If the ratio of the maximum tension in the string to the minimum tension in the string is 4 and if gg is taken to be 10 m/s210 \text{ m/s}^2, the speed of the stone at the highest point of the circle is:

A

20 m/s20 \text{ m/s}

B

103 m/s10\sqrt{3} \text{ m/s}

C

52 m/s5\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s}

D

10 m/s10 \text{ m/s}

Step-by-Step Solution

Let v1v_1 be the speed at the lowest point and v2v_2 be the speed at the highest point. By conservation of mechanical energy from the highest to the lowest point: 12mv12=12mv22+mg(2L)\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = \frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 + mg(2L) v12=v22+4gLv_1^2 = v_2^2 + 4gL

The maximum tension (TmaxT_{max}) occurs at the lowest point of the circular path: Tmax=mv12L+mgT_{max} = \frac{mv_1^2}{L} + mg Substitute v12=v22+4gLv_1^2 = v_2^2 + 4gL into the equation: Tmax=m(v22+4gL)L+mg=mv22L+4mg+mg=mv22L+5mgT_{max} = \frac{m(v_2^2 + 4gL)}{L} + mg = \frac{mv_2^2}{L} + 4mg + mg = \frac{mv_2^2}{L} + 5mg

The minimum tension (TminT_{min}) occurs at the highest point: Tmin=mv22LmgT_{min} = \frac{mv_2^2}{L} - mg

Given the ratio of maximum to minimum tension is 4: TmaxTmin=4\frac{T_{max}}{T_{min}} = 4 mv22L+5mgmv22Lmg=4\frac{\frac{mv_2^2}{L} + 5mg}{\frac{mv_2^2}{L} - mg} = 4 mv22+5mgL=4(mv22mgL)mv_2^2 + 5mgL = 4(mv_2^2 - mgL) mv22+5mgL=4mv224mgLmv_2^2 + 5mgL = 4mv_2^2 - 4mgL 3mv22=9mgL3mv_2^2 = 9mgL v22=3gLv_2^2 = 3gL

Given g=10 m/s2g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2 and L=103 mL = \frac{10}{3} \text{ m}, substitute these values: v2=3×10×103v_2 = \sqrt{3 \times 10 \times \frac{10}{3}} v2=100=10 m/sv_2 = \sqrt{100} = 10 \text{ m/s}

Thus, the speed of the stone at the highest point is 10 m/s10 \text{ m/s}.

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