A small-signal voltage is applied across an ideal capacitor C:
over a full cycle, the capacitor C does not consume any energy from the voltage source
current I(t) is in phase with voltage V(t)
current I(t) leads voltage V(t) by 180°
current I(t) lags voltage V(t) by 90°
In an AC circuit containing only an ideal capacitor, the current leads the voltage by a phase angle of or . This eliminates options suggesting they are in phase, lead by 180°, or lag. The average power consumed over a full cycle is . Since the phase difference , the power factor , meaning the average power consumed is zero. The capacitor stores energy during one part of the cycle and returns it to the source in the next.
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