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NEET PHYSICSEasy

A small-signal voltage V(t)=V0sin(ωt)V(t) = V_0 \sin(\omega t) is applied across an ideal capacitor C:

A

over a full cycle, the capacitor C does not consume any energy from the voltage source

B

current I(t) is in phase with voltage V(t)

C

current I(t) leads voltage V(t) by 180°

D

current I(t) lags voltage V(t) by 90°

Step-by-Step Solution

In an AC circuit containing only an ideal capacitor, the current I(t)I(t) leads the voltage V(t)V(t) by a phase angle of π/2\pi/2 or 9090^\circ . This eliminates options suggesting they are in phase, lead by 180°, or lag. The average power consumed over a full cycle is P=VrmsIrmscosϕP = V_{rms}I_{rms} \cos \phi. Since the phase difference ϕ=90\phi = 90^\circ, the power factor cosϕ=0\cos \phi = 0, meaning the average power consumed is zero. The capacitor stores energy during one part of the cycle and returns it to the source in the next.

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