An electron falls from rest through a vertical distance h in a uniform and vertically upward-directed electric field E. The direction of the electric field is now reversed, keeping its magnitude the same. A proton is allowed to fall from rest through the same vertical distance h. The fall time of the electron in comparison to the fall time of the proton is:
smaller
5 times greater
10 times greater
equal
The time of fall () for a charged particle starting from rest in a uniform electric field is derived from the kinematic equation , where is the acceleration. The acceleration due to the electric field is . Substituting this into the time equation gives .
For a given distance and electric field , and since the magnitude of charge is the same for both electron and proton (), the time of fall is proportional to the square root of the mass (). Since the mass of an electron ( kg) is significantly smaller than the mass of a proton ( kg), the time of fall for the electron will be smaller.
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