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NEET PHYSICSMedium

An electron falls from rest through a vertical distance h in a uniform and vertically upward-directed electric field E. The direction of the electric field is now reversed, keeping its magnitude the same. A proton is allowed to fall from rest through the same vertical distance h. The fall time of the electron in comparison to the fall time of the proton is:

A

smaller

B

5 times greater

C

10 times greater

D

equal

Step-by-Step Solution

The time of fall (tt) for a charged particle starting from rest in a uniform electric field is derived from the kinematic equation h=12at2h = \frac{1}{2}at^2, where aa is the acceleration. The acceleration due to the electric field is a=Fm=qEma = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{qE}{m}. Substituting this into the time equation gives t=2ha=2hmqEt = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{a}} = \sqrt{\frac{2hm}{qE}}.

For a given distance hh and electric field EE, and since the magnitude of charge qq is the same for both electron and proton (ee), the time of fall is proportional to the square root of the mass (tmt \propto \sqrt{m}). Since the mass of an electron (me9.11×1031m_e \approx 9.11 \times 10^{-31} kg) is significantly smaller than the mass of a proton (mp1.67×1027m_p \approx 1.67 \times 10^{-27} kg), the time of fall for the electron will be smaller.

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