Q1. Which factor is a major cause of population fluctuations in nature?A. Genetic mutationsB. Climate variabilityC. Individual adaptationD. Internal organ development
Q2. Which of the following species interactions involves one species benefiting while the other is unaffected?A. MutualismB. CommensalismC. ParasitismD. Competition
Q3. Which of the following factors is NOT density-dependent?A. Competition for foodB. Spread of diseaseC. Natural disastersD. Predation
Q4. Which of the following is a correct statement about ecological pyramids?A. Pyramids of biomass are always upright.B. Pyramids of energy can sometimes be inverted.C. Pyramids of numbers can be inverted in some ecosystems.D. Energy is not lost as heat at any trophic level.
Q5. Which of the following species interactions is similar to predation?A. CommensalismB. ParasitismC. MutualismD. Amensalism
Q6. Which of the following correctly defines immigration in population ecology?A. Movement of individuals out of a populationB. Movement of individuals into a populationC. Birth rate increaseD. Death rate decrease
Q7. Which of the following best describes the role of a keystone species in an ecosystem?A. It is the most abundant species in the ecosystemB. It has a disproportionately large impact on ecosystem stabilityC. It is always at the top of the food chainD. It contributes to primary productivity
Q8. What does the carrying capacity (K) of an environment represent?A. Maximum number of individuals an environment can supportB. Total number of individuals born each yearC. Average lifespan of a speciesD. Maximum number of species in an ecosystem
Q9. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?A. Cattle grazing on grassB. Tiger in a forest ecosystemC. Rabbit in a grasslandD. Sparrow in an urban ecosystem
Q10. Which population interaction involves one species benefiting while the other is harmed?A. MutualismB. CommensalismC. ParasitismD. Amensalism