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NEET CHEMISTRYEquilibriumMedium

Question

Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed conc. H2SO4H_2SO_4 and HNO3HNO_3. If a large amount of KHSO4KHSO_4 is added to the mixture, the rate of nitration will be:

A

Slower

B

Unchanged

C

Doubled

D

Faster

Step-by-Step Solution

In the nitration of benzene, the electrophile is the nitronium ion (NO2+NO_2^+), which is generated by the reaction between concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid: HNO3+2H2SO4NO2++2HSO4+H3O+HNO_3 + 2H_2SO_4 \rightleftharpoons NO_2^+ + 2HSO_4^- + H_3O^+ The addition of KHSO4KHSO_4 introduces a large amount of HSO4HSO_4^- ions into the mixture. According to Le Chatelier's principle (common ion effect), the increased concentration of HSO4HSO_4^- shifts the equilibrium to the left. This suppresses the dissociation of HNO3HNO_3, leading to a decrease in the concentration of the electrophile, NO2+NO_2^+. Since the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the concentration of the electrophile, the rate of nitration will be slower.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Equilibrium. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

CHEMISTRYEquilibriumconsidernitrationbenzeneamountmixture

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