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Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Which one of the following pairs is isostructural (i.e., having the same shape and hybridization)?Among the following, isoelectronic species are:Which one of the following pairs of species have the same bond order?In a regular octahedral molecule, $MX_{6}$, the number of $X–M–X$ bonds at 180º is:Which of the following pairs of ions are isoelectronic and isostructural?Which orbital does the additional electron occupy when $O_{2}$ is converted to the $O_{2}^{-}$ ion?A species that does not exhibit paramagnetism is:The total number of $\pi$-bond electrons in the following structure is:
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Match the coordination number and type of hybridisation with the distribution of hybrid orbitals in space based on Valence Bond Theory.
**List I (Coordination number and type of hybridisation):**
(a) 4, $sp^{3}$
(b) 4, $dsp^{2}$
(c) 5, $sp^{3}d$
(d) 6, $d^{2}sp^{3}$
**List II (Distribution of hybrid orbitals in space):**
(i) Trigonal bipyramidal
(ii) Octahedral
(iii) Tetrahedral
(iv) Square planarThe correct order of increasing bond angles in the following species is:Which one of the following statements is true about the structure of $CO_3^{2-}$ ion?Among the following, the compound that is electron deficient is:Which of the following is the most basic oxide?The angular shape of ozone molecule ($O_3$) consists of:Which of the two ions from the list given below have the geometry that is explained by the same hybridisation of orbitals, $NO_2^-$, $NO_3^-$, $NH_2^-$, $NH_4^+$, $SCN^-$?In a regular octahedral molecule, $MX_{6}$, the number of $X–M–X$ bonds at 180º is:
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General
The reagent 'R' in the given sequence of chemical reaction is:From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flaskIdentify a molecule which does not exist.Which of the following amine will give the carbyle test?The pK_{b} of dimethylamine and pK_{a} of acetic acid are 3.27 and 4.77 respectively at T (K). The correct option for the pH of dimethylammonium acetate solution is :Identify compound X in the following sequence of reactionsAn organic compound contains 78% (by wt.) carbon and remaining percentage of hydrogen. The right option for the empirical formula of this compound is : [Atomic wt. of C is 12, H is 1]The maximum temperature that can be achieved in blast furnace is :
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Thermodynamics
The relation between $\Delta E$ and $\Delta H$ is:Three moles of an ideal gas expanded spontaneously into vacuum. The work done will be:Which of the following statements is true for a reaction where all the reactants and products are in the liquid phase?Adsorption of gases on a solid surface is generally exothermic becauseBond dissociation enthalpy of $\text{H}_2$, $\text{Cl}_2$, and $\text{HCl}$ are $434$, $242$, and $431 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}$ respectively. Enthalpy of formation of $\text{HCl}$ is:For the reaction, $2\text{Cl(g)} \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2\text{(g)}$, the correct option is:Given the following bond energies:
$\text{H}-\text{H}$ bond energy: $431.37 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}$
$\text{C}=\text{C}$ bond energy: $606.10 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}$
$\text{C}-\text{C}$ bond energy: $336.49 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}$
$\text{C}-\text{H}$ bond energy: $410.50 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}$
Enthalpy for the reaction, $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3$ will be:At $27^\circ\text{C}$ latent heat of fusion of a compound is $2930\text{ J/mol}$. Entropy change is:
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Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
When phenol is treated with CHCl₃ and NaOH, the product formed is:Which of the following statement is correct for the stability of ions of ethyl alcohol and phenol:When glycerol is treated with an excess of HI, it produces:Which of the following can be used as the halide component for Friedel-Crafts reaction?Which of the following is not the product of dehydration of the given alcohol?The most reactive compound among the following toward electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is:Which one of the following compounds will be most readily dehydrated?Among the following four compounds:
(a) Phenol
(b) Methyl phenol
(c) meta-nitrophenol
(d) para-nitrophenol
The acidity order is:
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Structure of Atom
In hydrogen atom, what is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron in the second Bohr orbit? [Given that Bohr radius, $a_0 = 52.9$ pm]Maximum number of electrons in a subshell with l = 3 and n = 4 is:If the principal quantum number n=6, the correct sequence of filling of electrons will be:The measurement of the electron position is associated with an uncertainty in momentum which is equal to $1 \times 10^{-18} \text{ g cm s}^{-1}$. The uncertainty in velocity of the electron will be: (mass of an electron is $9 \times 10^{-28} \text{ g}$)What is the maximum number of orbitals that can be identified with the following quantum numbers? n = 3, l = 1, m = 0The relation between $n_m$ ($n_m$ = number of permissible values of magnetic quantum number, $m_l$) for a given value of azimuthal quantum number ($l$) is:Which one of the following ions has electronic configuration [Ar]3d⁶? (At. no: Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27, Ni = 28)How many electrons can fit in the subshell for which n = 3 and l = 1?
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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
The product formed from the following reaction sequence is:Which of the chemical reagents can be used to distinguish between cis-cyclopenta-1,2-diol and trans-cyclopenta-1,2-diol?The product(s) formed from the following reaction is/are:The intermediate compound 'X' in the following chemical reaction is:
$$\text{Toluene} \xrightarrow{CrO_2Cl_2/CS_2} X \xrightarrow{H_3O^+} \text{Benzaldehyde}$$The product that cannot be formed in the following reaction is:The correct statement regarding a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon is:The product of the below-mentioned reaction is: (Reaction Scheme Missing)$$RMgX + CO_2 \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} Y \xrightarrow{H_3O^+} RCOOH$$
What is Y in the above reaction?
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Coordination Compounds
The d-electron configurations of $Cr^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ are $d^4$, $d^5$, $d^6$ and $d^7$ respectively. Which one of the following will exhibit minimum paramagnetic behaviour? (At. no. Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27)Given below are two statements:
**Statement I:** Both $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$ and $[CoF_6]^{3-}$ complexes are octahedral but differ in their magnetic behaviour.
**Statement II:** $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$ is diamagnetic whereas $[CoF_6]^{3-}$ is paramagnetic.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:Which one of the following is an outer orbital complex and exhibits paramagnetic behaviour?Of the following complex ions, the diamagnetic complex is:The crystal field stabilisation energy (CFSE) and the 'spin only' magnetic moment of $[FeF_6]^{3-}$ ion respectively, are:Among the following complexes, the one which shows zero crystal field stabilisation energy (CFSE) is:Given below are two statements:
**Statement I:** $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$ is a homoleptic complex, whereas $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+$ is a heteroleptic complex.
**Statement II:** Complex $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$ has only one kind of ligand but $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+$ has more than one kind of ligands.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:Which of the following statements is false?
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Amines
The products formed when Aniline reacts with $Br_2$ water, and $NaNO_2/HCl$ will be, respectively:Aniline gives a set of the following reactions that yielded a coloured product 'Y'. The structure of 'Y' is:
(Note: Reaction scheme is missing from the provided text)The structure of C in the below-mentioned reaction is:
(Note: Reaction scheme is missing from the provided text)What results from the electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene in a highly acidic medium?The reagent required to convert acetamide into methyl amine is:D is N-methyl aniline in the given below sequence of reaction: $A \xrightarrow{\text{reduction}} B \xrightarrow{CHCl_3/KOH} C \xrightarrow{\text{reduction}} D$. Structure of A can be:Which of the following statements about primary amines is false?What is the correct order of the methyl-substituted amines' basic strength in an aqueous solution?
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Equilibrium
Consider the following reaction: $\text{A}_2(g) + \text{B}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{AB}(g)$. At equilibrium, the concentrations of $[\text{A}_2] = 3.0 \times 10^{–3} \text{ M}$; $[\text{B}_2] = 4.2 \times 10^{–3} \text{ M}$ and $[\text{AB}] = 2.8 \times 10^{–3} \text{ M}$. The value of $K_c$ for the above-given reaction in a sealed container at $527^\circ\text{C}$ is:Amongst the given options, which of the following molecules/ions acts as a Lewis acid?Boric acid is an acid because its moleculeThe following solutions were prepared by mixing different volumes of NaOH and HCl of different concentrations. pH of which one of them will be equal to 1?The tendency of $BF_3$, $BCl_3$ and $BBr_3$ to behave as Lewis acid decreases in the sequence:A compound $\text{BA}_2$ has $K_{sp} = 4 \times 10^{-12}$. Solubility of this compound will be:What is the molarity of the saturated solution if the solubility product for a salt of type AB is $4 \times 10^{-8}$?In qualitative analysis, the metals of Group I can be separated from other ions by precipitating them as chloride salts. A solution initially contains $\text{Ag}^+$ and $\text{Pb}^{2+}$ at a concentration of $0.10 \text{ M}$. Aqueous $\text{HCl}$ is added to this solution until the $\text{Cl}^-$ concentration is $0.10 \text{ M}$. What will the concentration of $\text{Ag}^+$ and $\text{Pb}^{2+}$ at equilibrium? ($K_{sp}$ for $\text{AgCl} = 1.8 \times 10^{-10}$, $K_{sp}$ for $\text{PbCl}_2 = 1.7 \times 10^{-5}$)
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Biomolecules
$\alpha$-D-glucose and $\beta$-D-glucose are:Fructose reduces Tollen's reagent due to:RNA and DNA are chiral molecules, their chirality is due to:Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?Which one of the following sets of monosaccharides forms sucrose?The incorrect statement about the denaturation of proteins is:Which of the following is not a correct statement?Match List-I with List-II:
List-I (Vitamins)
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin $\text{B}_{12}$
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin $\text{B}_1$
List-II (Deficiency/other name/ property)
I. RBC deficient in haemoglobin
II. Bleeding gums
III. Thiamine
IV. Fat soluble
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Hydrocarbons
Phenylacetylene undergoes a reaction with dilute $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ in the presence of $\text{HgSO}_4$ to yield:The reaction among the following that proceeds through an electrophilic substitution reaction is:The order of decreasing reactivity towards an electrophilic reagent for the following compounds is:
(i) Benzene
(ii) Toluene
(iii) Chlorobenzene
(iv) PhenolX and Y in the above-mentioned reaction are respectively:Match the bond line structures of hydrocarbons given in List-I with the corresponding boiling points given in List-II.
List-II (Boiling point in K):
(i) 300.9
(ii) 282.5
(iii) 309.1
(iv) 341.9
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:The dihedral angle of the least stable conformer of ethane is:Phenanthrene is an aromatic compound and follows Hückel's $(4n+2)\pi$ electron rule. The value of $n$ is:The correct statement regarding the comparison of staggered and eclipsed conformations of ethane is:
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The d-and f-Block Elements
The $E^\circ$ value for the $Mn^{3+}/Mn^{2+}$ couple is more positive than that of $Cr^{3+}/Cr^{2+}$ or $Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}$ due to change of:The catalytic activity of transition metals is due to:The manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral, due to:The incorrect statement among the following is:When neutral or faintly alkaline $KMnO_4$ is treated with potassium iodide, iodide ion is converted into 'X'. 'X' is:Identify the incorrect statement among the following:Acidified $K_2Cr_2O_7$ solution turns green when $Na_2SO_3$ is added to it. This is due to the formation of:Which of the following ions will exhibit colour in aqueous solutions?
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Electrochemistry
A cell reaction becomes spontaneous when:In a typical fuel cell, the reactants (R) and products (P) are:The cell reaction of an electrochemical cell is $Cu^{2+}(C_1) + Zn \rightarrow Cu + Zn^{2+}(C_2)$. The change in free energy will be the function of:The efficiency of a fuel cell is given by:The number of Faradays (F) required to produce $20 \text{ g}$ of calcium from molten $\text{CaCl}_2$ (Atomic mass of Ca = $40 \text{ g mol}^{-1}$) is:For a cell involving one electron $E^\ominus_{\text{cell}} = 0.59 \text{ V}$ at $298 \text{ K}$. The equilibrium constant for the cell reaction is: [Given that $\frac{2.303 RT}{F} = 0.059 \text{ V}$ at $T = 298 \text{ K}$]The value of $E^{\circ}_{cell}$ for the following reaction is:
$Cu^{2+} + Sn^{2+} \rightarrow Cu + Sn^{4+}$
(Given, equilibrium constant is $10^6$)The three cells with their $E^{\circ}_{cell}$ values are given below:
1. $Fe|Fe^{2+}||Fe^{3+}|Fe \ ; \ 0.404\text{ V}$
2. $Fe|Fe^{2+}||Fe^{3+}, Fe^{2+}|Pt \ ; \ 1.211\text{ V}$
3. $Fe|Fe^{3+}||Fe^{3+}, Fe^{2+}|Pt \ ; \ 0.807\text{ V}$
The standard Gibbs free energy change values for three cells are, respectively: (F represents the charge on $1\text{ mole}$ of electrons.)
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Chemical Kinetics
If the half-life is independent of its initial concentration, then the order of the reaction is:Which quantity is altered when a catalyst is introduced during a chemical reaction?The rate of the reaction $2NO + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2NOCl$ is given by the rate equation $\text{rate} = k[NO]^2[Cl_2]$. The value of the rate constant can be increased by:The rate of a first-order reaction is $1.5 \times 10^{-2} \text{ mol L}^{-1} \text{ min}^{-1}$ at $0.5 \text{ M}$ concentration of the reactant. The half-life of the reaction is:The activation energy of a reaction can be determined from the slope of the graph between:The plot of $\ln k$ vs $1/T$ for the following reaction, $2N_2O_5(g) \rightarrow 4NO_2(g) + O_2(g)$ gives a straight line with the slope of the line equal to $-1.0 \times 10^4 \text{ K}$. What is the activation energy for the reaction in $\text{J mol}^{–1}$? (Given: $R = 8.3 \text{ J K}^{–1} \text{ mol}^{–1}$)Consider the reaction $N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightarrow 2NH_3(g)$. The equality relationship between $\frac{d[NH_3]}{dt}$ and $-\frac{d[H_2]}{dt}$ is:For a chemical reaction, $4A + 3B \rightarrow 6C + 9D$ rate of formation of C is $6 \times 10^{–2} \text{ mol L}^{–1} \text{ s}^{–1}$ and rate of disappearance of A is $4 \times 10^{–2} \text{ mol L}^{–1} \text{ s}^{–1}$. The rate of reaction and amount of B consumed in interval of 10 seconds, respectively will be:
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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
The correct sequence of increasing radii is:Which one of the following represents all isoelectronic species?The value of electron gain enthalpy of $Na^+$, if $IE_1$ of Na = 5.1 eV, is:Be²⁺ is isoelectronic with which of the following ions?Identify the correct order of the size of the following species: $Ca^{2+}, K^+, Ar, S^{2-}, Cl^-$The formation of the oxide ion O²⁻(g) from oxygen atom requires first an exothermic and then an endothermic step as shown below:
O(g) + e⁻ → O⁻(g); ΔH° = -141 kJ mol⁻¹
O⁻(g) + e⁻ → O²⁻(g); ΔH° = +780 kJ mol⁻¹
Thus, the process of formation of O²⁻ in gas phase is unfavourable even though O²⁻ is isoelectronic with neon. It is due to the fact that:Which of the following arrangements is correct for increasing order of electronegativity?The correct order of decreasing second ionization enthalpy of Ti(22), V(23), Cr(24) and Mn(25) is:
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Solutions
Isotonic solutions have the same:A solution containing $10 \text{ g/dm}^3$ of urea (molecular mass $= 60 \text{ g mol}^{-1}$) is isotonic with a $5 \%$ solution of a non-volatile solute. The molecular mass of this non-volatile solute is:Which colligative property provides the most accurate method for determining the molecular weight of proteins and polymers?The vapour pressure of a solvent decreased by 10 mm of Hg when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent. The mole fraction of the solute in solution is 0.2. What would be the mole fraction of the solvent if the decrease in vapour pressure is 20 mm of Hg?Which one is not equal to zero for an ideal solution?The freezing point depression constant ($K_f$) of benzene is $5.12 \text{ K kg mol}^{-1}$. The freezing point depression for the solution of molality $0.078 \text{ m}$ containing a non-electrolyte solute in benzene is:The molarity of a $0.2 \text{ N } Na_2CO_3$ solution will be:Of the following $0.10 \text{ m}$ aqueous solutions, which one will exhibit the largest freezing point depression?
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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
In the given reaction the product P is:Given below is a reaction sequence:
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} \xrightarrow{\text{NaCN}} X \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2/\text{Ni}} Y \xrightarrow{\text{Acetic Anhydride}} Z$
The product '$Z$' in the above reaction is:The $\text{-OH}$ group of an alcohol or the carboxylic acid can be replaced by $\text{-Cl}$ using:The correct order of increasing C-X bond reactivity toward nucleophiles among the following is:
I. [Missing]
II. [Missing]
III. $(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{C-X}$
IV. $(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CH-X}$Which of the following methods is incorrect for the synthesis of alkenes?The correct reaction among the following is:The major product formed in the dehydrohalogenation reaction of 2-bromopentane is pent-2-ene. This product formation is based on:A reaction among the following can generate isonitriles as a major product.
(A) $\text{R-X} + \text{HCN} \rightarrow$
(B) $\text{R-X} + \text{AgCN} \rightarrow$
(C) $\text{R-X} + \text{KCN} \rightarrow$
(D) $\text{R-X} + \text{NaCN} \xrightarrow{\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}/\text{H}_2\text{O}}$
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
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Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
At S.T.P. the density of $\text{CCl}_4$ vapour in $\text{g/L}$ will be nearest to:Calculate the mass of 95% pure $CaCO_3$ that will be required to neutralize 50 mL of 0.5 M HCl solution according to the following reaction:
$$ CaCO_3(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(l) $$
[Calculate up to the second place of decimal point]The molar mass of a compound (X), whose $2.6 \text{ mol}$ weighs $312 \text{ g}$, is:Calculate the mole fraction of the solute in a $1.00 \text{ m}$ aqueous solution.A compound X contains 32% of A, 20% of B and remaining percentage of C. Then, the empirical formula of X is: (Given atomic mass of A = 64; B = 40; C = 32 u)When $50\text{ mL}$ of a $16.9\%\text{ (w/v)}$ solution of $\text{AgNO}_3$ is mixed with $50\text{ mL}$ of $5.8\%\text{ (w/v) NaCl}$ solution, then the mass of precipitate formed is: ($\text{Ag} = 107.8$, $\text{N} = 14$, $\text{O} = 16$, $\text{Na} = 23$, $\text{Cl} = 35.5$)The density of a $2 \text{ M}$ aqueous solution of $NaOH$ is $1.28 \text{ g/cm}^3$. The molality of the solution is: [molecular mass of $NaOH = 40 \text{ g mol}^{-1}$]How many moles of lead (II) chloride will be formed from a reaction between $6.5\text{ g}$ of $\text{PbO}$ and $3.2\text{ g}$ of $\text{HCl}$?
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P Block Elements
The number of carbon atoms per unit cell of diamond unit cell is:The correct statement among the following is :A compound among the following that is least likely to behave as a Lewis base is:Choose the correct statement:A compound among the following having a similar structure to graphite is:Select the element (M) whose trihalides cannot be hydrolysed to form $[M(H_2O)_6]^{3+}$.The incorrect statement among the following is:Identify the incorrect statement:
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