Elevation in boiling point (ΔTb) is a colligative property, which means it depends on the total number of solute particles in the solution . For electrolytes, ΔTb=i×Kb×m, where i is the van't Hoff factor. For dilute aqueous solutions, molarity (M) is approximately equal to molality (m).
Let's calculate the effective concentration of particles (i×M) assuming complete dissociation:
- 0.05 M NaCl: Dissociates into Na+ and Cl−, so i=2. Effective concentration = 2×0.05=0.10 M.
- 0.1 M KCl: Dissociates into K+ and Cl−, so i=2. Effective concentration = 2×0.1=0.20 M.
- 0.1 M MgSO4: Dissociates into Mg2+ and SO42−, so i=2. Effective concentration = 2×0.1=0.20 M.
- 0.1 M NaCl: Dissociates into Na+ and Cl−, so i=2. Effective concentration = 2×0.1=0.20 M.
Since 0.05 M NaCl has the lowest effective particle concentration (0.10 M), it will exhibit the least elevation in boiling point.