Question
Which of the following statements about the composition of the vapour over an ideal molar mixture of benzene and toluene is correct? Assume that the temperature is constant at . (Given, vapour pressure data at , benzene = , toluene = )
The vapour will contain a higher percentage of toluene
The vapour will contain equal amounts of benzene and toluene
Not enough information is given to make a prediction
The vapour will contain a higher percentage of benzene
According to Raoult's law, the partial vapour pressure of a component in a solution is given by . For a molar mixture, the mole fractions of benzene and toluene in the liquid phase are equal (). Partial pressure of benzene, . Partial pressure of toluene, . Since the partial pressure of benzene is greater than that of toluene in the vapour phase (), its mole fraction in the vapour phase () will also be higher. As a general rule, at equilibrium, the vapour phase is always richer in the component which is more volatile (i.e., has a higher vapour pressure in its pure state). Thus, the vapour will contain a higher percentage of benzene.
This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Solutions. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.
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