One mole of an ideal gas from an initial state A undergoes via two processes. It first undergoes isothermal ex

Question

One mole of an ideal gas from an initial state A undergoes via two processes. It first undergoes isothermal expansion from volume $V$ to $3V$ and then its volume is reduced from $3V$ to $V$ at constant pressure. The correct $P-V$ diagram representing the two processes is -

Accepted Answer

The thermodynamic processes are as follows:
1. Isothermal expansion from volume $V$ to $3V$: According to Boyle's law, $P \propto \frac{1}{V}$ at constant temperature. On a $P-V$ diagram, this is represented by a curve (rectangular hyperbola) where pressure decreases as volume increases.
2. Isobaric compression from volume $3V$ to $V$: At constant pressure, the volume decreases. On a $P-V$ diagram, this is represented by a horizontal straight line parallel to the volume axis, moving from right to left.
The correct diagram will show a downward curve followed by a horizontal line moving leftwards back to the initial volume.

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