The stress-strain curves are drawn for two different materials $X$ and $Y$. It is observed that the ultimate s

Question

The stress-strain curves are drawn for two different materials $X$ and $Y$. It is observed that the ultimate strength point and the fracture point are close to each other for material $X$ but are far apart for material $Y$. We can say that the materials $X$ and $Y$ are likely to be (respectively):

Accepted Answer

1. **Analysis of Stress-Strain Curve:** On a stress-strain curve, the ultimate tensile strength point represents the maximum stress a material can withstand, while the fracture point is where the material breaks.
2. **Brittle Material:** If the fracture point (E) is close to the ultimate strength point (D), the material fractures soon after reaching its maximum strength without significant plastic deformation. Such a material is called **brittle** (e.g., glass, cast iron) .
3. **Ductile Material:** If the fracture point (E) is far apart from the ultimate strength point (D), the material undergoes extensive plastic deformation before fracturing. Such a material is called **ductile** (e.g., copper, aluminum) .
4. **Conclusion:** Since for material $X$ the points are close, it is brittle. For material $Y$, the points are far apart, so it is ductile.

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