According to Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), the strength of a bond is directly related to its bond order, which is defined as half the difference between the number of electrons in bonding orbitals (Nb) and antibonding orbitals (Na) . The sources state that as the bond order increases, the bond enthalpy increases and the bond length decreases .
We can determine the bond orders for the given species as follows:
- N2: With 14 electrons, its configuration results in a bond order of 3 . Its experimental bond enthalpy is very high, at 946.0 kJ/mol .
- O2: With 16 electrons, its configuration results in a bond order of 2 . Its experimental bond enthalpy is 498 kJ/mol .
- O2− (Superoxide): This ion has 17 electrons. The additional electron enters an antibonding orbital, reducing the bond order to 1.5 .
- O22− (Peroxide): This ion has 18 electrons. With two additional electrons in antibonding orbitals compared to O2, the bond order is 1 .
Comparing these values, the order of decreasing bond order is N2(3)>O2(2)>O2−(1.5)>O22−(1). Therefore, the order of decreasing bond enthalpies follows the same sequence .